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Compare Turks and Caicos Islands (2002) - Tonga (2002)
Compare Turks and Caicos Islands (2002) z Tonga (2002)
| Turks and Caicos Islands (2002) | Tonga (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (overseas territory of the UK) | 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 32.6% (male 3,101; female 3,004)
15-64 years: 63.6% (male 6,266; female 5,651) 65 years and over: 3.8% (male 319; female 397) (2002 est.) |
0-14 years: 39.5% (male 21,374; female 20,555)
15-64 years: 56.4% (male 29,519; female 30,322) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,945; female 2,422) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | corn, beans, cassava (tapioca), citrus fruits; fish | squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish |
| Airports | 8 (2001) | 6 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002) |
total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 3
914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Area | total: 430 sq km
land: 430 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 748 sq km
land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km |
| Area - comparative | 2.5 times the size of Washington, DC | four times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The islands were part of the UK's Jamaican colony until 1962, when they assumed the status of a separate crown colony upon Jamaica's independence. The governor of The Bahamas oversaw affairs from 1965 to 1973. With Bahamian independence, the islands received a separate governor in 1973. Although independence was agreed upon for 1982, the policy was reversed and the islands are presently a British overseas territory. | The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. |
| Birth rate | 24.18 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 24.08 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $47 million
expenditures: $33.6 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997-98 est.) |
revenues: $39.9 million
expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.) |
| Capital | Grand Turk (Cockburn Town) | Nuku'alofa |
| Climate | tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry | tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) |
| Coastline | 389 km | 419 km |
| Constitution | introduced 30 August 1976; suspended in 1986; restored and revised 5 March 1988 | 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands |
conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga
conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands |
| Currency | US dollar (USD) | pa'anga (TOP) |
| Death rate | 4.38 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 5.63 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $57.5 million (June 2001) |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) | the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) | chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU
chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1136 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $4.1 million (1997) (1997) | Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) |
| Economy - overview | The Turks and Caicos economy is based on tourism, fishing, and offshore financial services. Most capital goods and food for domestic consumption are imported. The US is the leading source of tourists, accounting for more than half of the 93,000 visitors in 1998. Major sources of government revenue include fees from offshore financial activities and customs receipts. | Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonable basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. |
| Electricity - consumption | 4.65 million kWh (2000) | 27.9 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2000) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2000) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 5 million kWh (2000) | 30 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
highest point: Blue Hills 49 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m |
| Environment - current issues | limited natural fresh water resources, private cisterns collect rainwater | deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | black | Polynesian, Europeans about 300 |
| Exchange rates | the US dollar is used | pa'anga per US dollar - 2.1920 (January 2002), 2.1236 (2001), 1.7585 (2000), 1.5991 (1999), 1.4920 (1998), 1.2635 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1953), represented by Governor Jim POSTON (since 16 December 2002)
head of government: Chief Minister Derek H. TAYLOR (since 31 January 1995) cabinet: Executive Council consists of three ex officio members and five appointed by the governor from among the members of the Legislative Council elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party is appointed chief minister by the governor |
chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)
head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch |
| Exports | $13.7 million (1999) | $9.3 million f.o.b. (2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | lobster, dried and fresh conch, conch shells | squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops |
| Exports - partners | US, UK | Japan 50.4%, US 31.6%, NZ 4.1%, Australia 2.1%, Fiji 1.7% (2000 est.) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus | red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $128 million (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $225 million (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: 30%
industry: 10% services: 60% (2001 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $7,300 (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 8.7% (1999 est.) | 5.3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 21 45 N, 71 35 W | 20 00 S, 175 00 W |
| Geography - note | about 40 islands (eight inhabited) | archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) |
| Highways | total: 121 km
paved: 24 km unpaved: 97 km (2000) |
total: 680 km
paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe | - |
| Imports | $175.6 million (1999) | $70 million c.i.f. (2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | food and beverages, tobacco, clothing, manufactures, construction materials | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | US, UK | New Zealand 29.8%, Japan 18.6%, Australia 12.7%, US 12.7%, Fiji 12.2% (2000 est.) |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK) | 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 8.6% (FY98/99) |
| Industries | tourism, offshore financial services | tourism, fishing |
| Infant mortality rate | 17.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) | 13.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 4% (1995) (1995) | 9.4% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | Caricom (associate), CDB, Interpol (subbureau) | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 14 (2000) | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) |
| Labor force | 4,848 (1990 est.) | 33,908 (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation | about 33% in government and 20% in agriculture and fishing; significant numbers in tourism, financial, and other services (1997 est.) | agriculture 65% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 2.33%
permanent crops: 0% other: 97.67% (1998 est.) |
arable land: 23.61%
permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official) | Tongan, English |
| Legal system | based on laws of England and Wales, with a few adopted from Jamaica and The Bahamas | based on English law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council (19 seats, of which 13 are popularly elected; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 4 March 1999 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - PDM 52.2%, PNP 40.9%, independent 6.9%; seats by party - PDM 9, PNP 4 |
unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 70%; seats - pro-democratic 7, traditionalist 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 73.76 years
male: 71.59 years female: 76.03 years (2002 est.) |
total population: 68.56 years
male: 66.13 years female: 71.11 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school
total population: 98% male: 99% female: 98% (1970 est.) |
definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English
total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.) |
| Location | Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand |
| Map references | Central America and the Caribbean | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM
territorial sea: 12 NM |
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2002 est.) | total: 80 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 292,139 GRT/421,221 DWT
ships by type: bulk 10, cargo 54, liquefied gas 4, petroleum tanker 8, roll on/roll off 4 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Albania 1, Australia 4, Austria 1, Bolivia 1, Cyprus 1, Djibouti 1, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Lebanon 2, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Morocco 1, Norway 1, Panama 1, Romania 3, Russia 1, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 5, Ukraine 1, United Arab Emirates 16, United States 4 (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | - |
| Military branches | - | Tonga Defense Services (made up of three operational command components and two support elements, including the Royal Marines, Royal Guards, Maritime Force, a support/logistics group, and a training group), Police; note - a new air wing that will be subordinate to the Ministry of Defense is being developed |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| National holiday | Constitution Day, 30 August (1976) | Independence Day, 4 June (1970) |
| Nationality | noun: none
adjective: none |
noun: Tongan(s)
adjective: Tongan |
| Natural hazards | frequent hurricanes | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou |
| Natural resources | spiny lobster, conch | fish, fertile soil |
| Net migration rate | 12.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| People - note | destination and transit point for illegal Haitian immigrants bound for the Turks and Caicos Islands, Bahamas, and US | - |
| Political parties and leaders | People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Washington MISICK]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Wendal SWANN] | there are no political parties |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [Akilisi POHIVA, president] |
| Population | 18,738 (July 2002 est.) | 106,137 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 3.28% (2002 est.) | 1.85% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Grand Turk, Providenciales | Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3 (one inactive), FM 6, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) |
| Radios | 8,000 (1997) | 61,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Baptist 40%, Methodist 16%, Anglican 18%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990) | Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: fair cable and radiotelephone services
domestic: NA international: 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
general assessment: NA
domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 3,000 (1994) | 8,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1994) | 302 (1996) |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (broadcasts from The Bahamas are received; cable television is established) (1997) | 2 (2001) |
| Terrain | low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps | most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base |
| Total fertility rate | 3.18 children born/woman (2002 est.) | 3 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 10% (1997 est.) | 13.3% (1996 est.) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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